LESSON-1:INTRODUCTION TO FINISHING

   Objectives of Finishing

FINISHING: – A finish is anything is done to a fiber, yarn or a fabric to improve the appearance.

A finish lessons the roughness of a fabric and makes it look beautiful, smooth and attractive. It is a finish that determines the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction that the consumer experience with a specific fabric.

Newly constructed fabrics when they come out from the mill are called GREY GOODS. Finishing process are under taken by highly specialize companies called converters.

Finishing is a final process given to a textile material to:-

• Give a good appearance
• Desirable feel
• Impart certain durable properties like Stiffness, Softness, Wash and Wear finish, Water repelling finish, Fire proof finish.

Advantages of Finishing: – 1. It increases the durability

2. To maintain the fabric and keep its size & shape
3. It improves the appearance
4. To increase the weight and stiffness
5. To improve the variety
6. Some of finishes produce imitation (after mercerization cotton fabric looks like silk

Objectives of Finishing:-

The Objectives of Textile Finishing are given below:

1. To improve the attractiveness and service ability of the textile materials.
2. To accentuate/inhibit some natural characteristics on the textile materials such as softening, de-lusturing, brightening etc.
3. To change the surface characteristics of textile materials.
4. To impart new characteristics/properties of textile materials such as flame retardant, water repellent or water proof finishes.
5. To increase life and durability of textile materials.
6. To set the fabric, so that it can be maintained its shape and structure.
7. To set the chemicals into the textile materials.
8. To meet up specific end uses.
9. To increase the weight of the cloth.
10. To produce novelty effects, e.g.: organdic fabric by parchment sing.
11. To strengthen the fabric by coating and laminating.
12. To cover faults in the original fabric.

CLASSIFICATION OF FINISHING:-

ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONAL FINISH

• Aesthetic Finish
• Functional Finish

ACCORDING TO QUALITY

• Temporary
• Semi-Permanent
• Permanent

ACCORDING TO THR TYPE OF MACHINERY

• Chemical Finish
• Mechanical Finish

Functional Finish

This type of finish changes the internal performance of the fabric. These are given to improve the aesthetic purpose of a fabric. Thus functional finishes can be further divided into two groups:

1. Aesthetic Finish

It is given to enhance the fabric appearance and its draping ability. It influence the luster, texture, drapability, hand and surface appearance of fabrics as well as enhance a host of other qualities. Aesthetic finishes change the appearance or hand or drape of the fabrics. Aesthetic finish modify the appearance and hand or drape of the fabric.

Some of the important aesthetic finishes are:

1. Napping and scudding
2. Mercerization
3. Shearing
4. Softening
5. Stiffening
6. Performance Finish

It is given to enrich the fabric properties like strength and durability. Some of the important functional finishes are:

1. Antimicrobial
2. Moth proof
3. Crease resistant
4. Durable press
5. Soil resistant
6. Water repellent or water proof
7. Shrink proofing h.       Flame resistant

Quality Finish

These types of finishes improve the quality of the fabric based on the time line or usage. They can be temporary, semi-permanent or permanent.

1. Temporary Finish

As the name suggest the temporary finish is not a stable finish and it disappears immediately after the first wash or first few washes. It includes finishes like:

• Starching or sizing
• Softening
• Embossing
• Calendaring

2. Semi-Permanent Finish

This finishing is durable than temporary finish and can withstand more than 10 to 15 washes. It includes finishes like:

• Schreiner calendaring
• Buckram finish

3. Permanent Finish

Permanent finishing does not disappear and remains unaffected through all the conditions of wear and washing treatments given to the fabric. It include finishes like:

• Flame retardant
• Resin finish
• Sanforising
• Water proof or water repellent

MACHINERY FINISH

 >Chemical Finish      > Mechanical Finish